One should remember that weight of pipe in the ansi pipe size chart is "theoretical" weight and not an actual weight. Weight of pipe is measured in pounds per foot or kilograms per meter. However line pipe is almost always referred by wall thickness whereas OCTG is referred by weight per foot. For standard pipe, pipe schedule is used to designate wall thickness. Wall thickness is also mentioned differently. For a standard pipe, a 4.5" OD pipe will be referred to as 4" NPS however for line pipe and OCTG, it will be referred to as 4.5" only. The industry norm for pipe size also varies between different types of pipe. ![]() Pipe Size ChartĪSME B 36.10 has more details of pipe sizes. Pipe sizes 14 and above are less confusing as a 14 NPS is equal to 14" OD (outer diameter). Generally speaking, a schedule 40 pipe dimension for up to 12 NPS is roughly equal to the ID of the pipe. NPS 1/8 through NPS 12 has an outside diameter that is defined by the ansi pipe sizes. This is confusing for many people new to the piping industry. NPS is dimensionless designator and is an indication of a size but not an actual size. Pipe is generally identified by "Nominal Pipe Size" (NPS), with the wall thickness defined by "Schedule" (SCH). They are used for fences, construction and other misc. This tubing can be round or square and are produced by ERW manufacturing. Structural Tubing: used for support or retention purpose.Mechanical Tubing represent 17% of all tubular goods. Mechanical tubing: used for mechanical and structural application and is produdced by ERW and seamless manufacturing.Pressure tubing are produced using seamless manufacturing. Pressure Tubing: used for industrial and pressure application.OCTG are produced by ERW and Seamless manufacturing. It is used in drilling and completion of Oil and Gas wells. Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG): This includes drill pipes, tubing and casing.They represent 21% of all tubular products. They are manufactured to API 5L Specification and are available in X42, X50, X60 etc. Line pipe includes ERW, FW, SAW and DSAW Pipe. ![]() Line Pipe: Used primarily in Oil and Gas Applications.They represent 10% of all tubular products. Standard Pipe: There are three different types of standard metal pipes - welded (ERW Pipe), seamless pipe, and galvanized pipe.Types of Pipes and Tubular Goods There are six types of pipes and tubular goods.
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Display current difficulty on stats screen.Stats now display a flag if you speedrun a game without quitting.Speed Run ranking separated from regular ranking in stats.Shovel Alt-Fire has a chance to sever limbs in much the same way the regular fire has a chance of decapitating.Can now instakill bystanders with a bali to the back to make the weapon more useful (Tougher enemies like cops are not susceptible to this trick).Dynamite has a larger radius and more damage.Firing mode for Glock and MP5 are now displayed on the hud.MP5’s are more damaging, semi-auto mode more accurate.As well as doors, the game now remembers which windows and bottles have been smashed when going though load zones and returning to a previous area.Added a few new variations to character pawns (example: pot bellies, shorter females, etc).There are even a few more Dude lines now too. 5 new voice classes in total! Also adds more situational dialog for NPC’s such as seeing cats, and being on fire. The amount of vocal variety has been massively increased, including race-specific dialog.Steam Cloud has been activated for all platforms.School Daze and its intermediate map have been completely removed (restore available through Workshop).Saved games from update 1412 will be compatible with 1413, but the devs recomend that if you experience crashes, you start with a new save and delete the bad save file.The full – rather huge – changelog, can be seen below….Removed distance counter when lopping off a victim's head with your Baseball Bat.Reverted the enable cheats code to 'sissy'.The Coin Gobbler machine no longer exists. Removed arcade games and Tokens (partial restore available through Workshop tokens no longer drop from killed people, and look different.Some weapons added in AWP were completely removed, some were swapped out with more Eternal Damnation weapons, and some had their locations changed.Removed all weapons and items (restore available through Workshop).Cats were changed back to normal cats in the base game.The Machete boasts more power, being able to hack off limbs of more powerful enemies such as police officers, and SWAT team members.Removed the 'new weapon order' option in the menu, default hotkeys have been changed as well as the way menus look, and more menu options have been added.Changed the name of the last two difficulties from "Nightmare Mode" and "Really Fucking Hard" to "POSTAL" and "Impossible", respectively.While support for Share The Pain has been officially discontinued, this version was patched for Windows 10 compatibility and features a semi-new menu screen featuring a box for Postal III getting pissed on and flipped off.ĭifferences when compared to the original AWP The Mac and Linux versions have been re-coded in SDL2 showing massive improvements over the previous versions and allowing support for all of the above with improved rendering and performance. In addition to this, an updated version of POSTed with the Unrealscript source code of POSTAL 2 and its expansions are available for all versions of the game. ![]() Steamworks has been fully implement allowing easier mod support via Steam Workshop, unlockable achievements, Steam trading cards, and Steam Cloud saving. These change the game in simple festive ways from changing the environment, additional menu options, and special objectives (such as catching a leprechaun or assassinating the Easter Bunny). In addition to this, the classic version of POSTAL 2 (1409) can be downloaded and played under the "Betas" tab on Steam.Īdded to the base game are special holiday events which are triggered on and around their specific calendar day. ![]() In addition to an absurd amount of bugfixes, this version adds full controller support (with rebinding), an optional weapon selector, and a menu for inventory items. Released on Steam after a successful Steam Greenlight campaign (later on GoG), it is a vastly updated version of the POSTAL 2 base game with Share The Pain, Apocalypse Weekend, and a modified version of the A Week in Paradise mod. 2 Differences when compared to the original AWP. ![]() ![]() ![]() This sauce is very versatile, with a taste that is umami-rich, sweet, tangy, and spicy at the same time. It is made from slow-brewed soy sauce with brown sugar, mushrooms, garlic, and spices. XXL size XXL flavor! The jumbo sized version of Fly by Jing's OG Zhong Dumpling Sauce.įly by Jing's Zhong Dumpling sauce is inspired by the Chengdu street snack Zhong Dumplings. ![]() If you want to see what it looks like in action, remember to deselect the Design Mode option. ![]() Click the Insert tab from the Menu bar and.
![]() We are still working and preparing currency calculators for every language and country in the world. ![]() So instead, enjoy using our convenient and reliable converter. By saving the urls of your favorite currency calculators, you won't need to google the most common phrases, like "currency converter, currency calculator" and each time have it appear on the site that you don't know or be provided with data which might not be so accurate. The main idea is to help you reach your favorite conversion tool in a comfortable way. The usage of prepared currency converters will save you much time. As we mentioned before, you are able to construct your own calculator from different currencies. ![]() This international currency converter consists of as many currencies as there are in the entire world. You don't have to install any app on your device, just save this page's url and you'll always be able to use perfectly programmed currency converter on your phone, tablet and, of course, computer. This currency converter works on all devices and does not cause any problems when you’re browsing on the web. Currency converter on mobile, tablet and desktop Our converter is always updating with fresh currency exchange rates from the most popular live forex markets, so you are always safe with and guaranteed to get the best and the newest exchange rates. Just go to the currency calculator and convert any currency - it is very fast, reliable and useful. Just imagine – you are traveling from your home to the country where the national currency is different than yours and you don't know the value of that currency. Enter the amount in the field next to the currency and you will see the converted results in other currency fields. Add or remove as many currencies as you want and construct the converter according to your needs. With this currency converter, you're able to add your favorite currencies and remove the ones you don't need. ![]() As the city looked to rebuild, architects pondered what the next generation of urban structures looked like. But it was a devastation that gave way to the opportunity to rebuild anew. ![]() How the World’s First Skyscraper Came to Be But did you know Chicago was also home to the world’s first ever skyscraper? Today we’re taking a look at the historic Home Insurance Building and how it came to be. The World Heritage Committee makes the final decision as to whether to add sites to the list.”Įarly Skyscrapers Placed On U.S.Chicago boasts many historical architectural feats - it was the host of the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893 and the playground of greats including Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Sullivan. ![]() The US Department of Interior is responsible for assembling the Tentative List and authorizing the preparation of nominations from it those nominations are then submitted to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (Committee) and evaluated by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), a private organization that advises the Committee on cultural properties this evaluation process takes over one year to visit and evaluate the nominated sites before making a recommendation. “The process of placing buildings on the UNESCO World Heritage List is lengthy. “The development and blossoming of the technology and aesthetics that created these buildings was clearly centered here, and had unquestioned worldwide influence.” “Since the early days of the program, the pioneering early skyscrapers of Chicago, particularly the early 20th century steel frame structures, have been viewed as prime candidates for the World Heritage List,” commented Morris. “Thanks to the leadership of Stephen Morris, Chief of the National Park Service’s (NPS) Office of International Affairs and Phyllis Ellin, Historian for the World Heritage program at the National Park Service, the opportunity to make a proposal for the Tentative List was brought to the attention of several invested organizations and individuals in early 2016.” A small number of additional buildings may also be considered for the series in the course of developing a nomination dossier. Sullivan, William Le Baron Jenney, John Wellborn Root, Charles Atwood and Martin Roche, simultaneously developed a new aesthetic for the building exteriors suited to this new form, consisting of a vertical, tripartite form derived from classical columns and expressing the internal structure and functions of the buildings. The architects active in designing these buildings, including Louis H. This is a serial proposal of 9 primarily commercial buildings in Chicago’s central business district, the “Loop.” The buildings, built over a period of about 20 years starting in the 1880s, exemplify the first generation of “skyscrapers.” Making use of new technologies of the time, particularly internal metal structural systems instead of load-bearing masonry walls, they were able to rise to heights of near 20 stories with large plate-glass windows, the first elevators (lifts) to reach the high floors, and electric lights to make interior spaces usable. ![]() While Preservation Chicago would have preferred to see more of Chicago’s Early Skyscrapers included, we are very pleased that Louis Sullivan’s Carson, Pirie, Scott and Auditorium Building were included on the list. Preservation Chicago is honored to have served on the nomination committee alongside many of Chicago’s leading preservation and architecture organizations. A list of early skyscrapers has been formally submitted to the UNESCO United States’ World Heritage Tentative List. However, many of the early skyscrapers that survive are now hopefully going to be recognized for their achievements and appreciated on the world stage. It is hard to overstate the impact of the innovation of “the skyscraper” on architecture and cities around the world.ĭespite the extraordinary importance of the Home Insurance Building, it was demolished in 1931. Chicago’s developers, architects, and engineers pressed on and the revolutionary steel-framed skyscrapers they innovated became known as The Chicago School. The Home Insurance Building designed by William LeBaron Jenney and built in 1885 at the corner of LaSalle and Adams was the world’s first skyscraper. ![]() It shows really remarkable range of things that humans did in the past to work with their landscapes and work with larger and larger populations.” “This is in my mind the clearest case of a fully urbanized Amazonian landscape,” Heckenberger notes. But those urban centers can be found at Llanos de Mojos. ![]() They aren’t technically urban, some experts have argued, because they lack clearly defined larger centers, with monumental architecture like platform mounds and U-shaped temples. Such settlements might be described as groups of villages networked together. Previous examples of urbanism in the Amazon include the Upper Xingu region of the Brazilian Amazon, where Heckenberger works with the Kuikuro Nation. But the new research unveils something quite new. He notes that elements of the settlement at Llanos de Mojos like moats and causeways, and a modified landscape of parklands, working forests and fish farms, have been seen elsewhere in the ancient Amazon. Michael Heckenberger, an anthropologist at the University of Florida, wasn’t involved in the research but has been studying urbanism in the pre-Columbian Amazon for nearly two decades. “I’m sure that in the next 10 or 20 years we’ll see a lot of these cities, and some even bigger than the ones we are presenting in our paper,” he adds. “So a lot of people didn’t want to see that there were archaeological sites here that merit exploration.” “It’s a myth that was created by Europeans who really spoke of a jungle, and vast regions untouched by humans,” he says. The site, described this week in Nature, is the most striking discovery to suggest that the Amazon’s rainforest “wilderness” was actually heavily populated, and in places quite urbanized, for many centuries before recorded history of the region began.Ĭo-author Heiko Prümers, of the German Archaeological Institute, references an old Spanish proverb asserting no one is so blind as the one who doesn’t want to see. ![]() Raised causeways connected a constellation of suburban-like settlements, which stretched for miles across a landscape that was shaped by a massive water control and distribution system with reservoirs and canals. The new images reveal, in detail, a stronghold of the socially complex Casarabe Culture (500-1400 C.E.) with urban centers boasting monumental platform and pyramid architecture. Perched in a helicopter some 650 feet up, scientists used light-based remote sensing technology (lidar) to digitally deforest the canopy and identify the ancient ruins of a vast urban settlement around Llanos de Mojos in the Bolivian Amazon that was abandoned some 600 years ago. And while urban ruins remain extremely difficult to find in thick, remote forests, a key technology has helped change the game. Now the plot has taken a new twist, as scientists have discovered that ancient cities really did exist in the Amazon. He vanished into the jungle and added his own unfinished chapter to a tale that began 600 years ago. As recently as the 20th century, British explorer Percy Fawcett searched for what he believed was the Lost City of Z. ![]() A search for El Dorado, a supposed city of gold, lured many Spanish explorers far off the map, and some of them never returned. The Amazon is one of the planet’s last great wildernesses, but legends have circulated for centuries that lost cities existed deep within the forests. ![]() ![]() Women's Inclusion Network (WIN) Reception (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Constitution Ballroom B)Ħ-8 p.m. Diversifying IO Psychology (DIP) Scholars Reception (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Fairfax)Ħ-7 p.m. Beth Buchanan Memorial (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Independence Ballroom West)Ħ-7 p.m. Practitioner Networking Reception (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Backbay C)Ħ-7 p.m. SIOP Visibility Workshop & Reception: Help I-O Save the World (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Backbay B)Ħ-7 p.m. CEMA Meeting - (Committee on Ethnic Minority Affairs) (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Hampton)ĥ-7 p.m. Affiliate Member Meeting (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Backbay D)*ĥ-6 p.m. Ambassador Program: Coffee + Connections (Hynes Auditorium)Ĥ-5 p.m. Coffee Break with the Exhibitors (Hynes Hall D)ģ:30-4 p.m. Local I-O Group Leaders Meet and Greet (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Backbay D)ģ:30-4 p.m. Women's Inclusion Network (WIN) Business Meeting (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Republic Ballroom)ġ1:30 a.m.-12 p.m. ![]() Continuous, Concurrent In-Person Sessions & Posters (Hynes)/Virtual Live Sessions (Whova)ġ1:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Conference Career Center Open (Hynes 300)Ĩ a.m.-6 p.m. Exhibit Hall Open (Hynes Hall D)Ĩ a.m.-5:30 p.m. Registration Open (Hynes Exhibit Hall Foyer)Ĩ a.m.-5 p.m. Continental Breakfast (Hynes Auditorium)ħ a.m. Conference Career Center Open House (Hynes Auditorium)ħ-8 a.m. Welcome Reception & Top Poster Display (Hynes Ballroom A)ħ-8 a.m. Opening Plenary Session with Presidential Address, Fellows, and Awards (Hynes Ballroom B+C)Ĩ-9:30 p.m. Ramadan Meal Pick-Up (Hynes Exhibit Hall Foyer)ĥ:45-6:45 p.m. Conference Orientation Tour (Sheraton Lobby-Concierge Desk)ĥ-6:30 p.m. United Nations Committee Strategic Planning (Sheraton Boston Hotel - Hampton)Ĥ-5 p.m. Exhibitor Set Up (Hynes Hall D)ġ-4:30 p.m. General Conference Registration Open (Hynes Exhibit Hall Foyer) In-Person Consortia - Doctoral, Early Career Faculty, Early Career Practitioner (Hynes) $ĩ a.m.-8 p.m. In-Person Preconference Workshops (Hynes) $Ĩ:30 a.m.-5 p.m. Workshop and Consortia Registration ( Hynes Exhibit Hall Foyer)Ĩ a.m.-5 p.m. VIRTUAL LinkedIn Rock Your Profile Session Conference Week: Boston and Online (April 17-22, 2023)Īll Day Virtual Posters and other content available (Whova)Ħ:30-9 a.m. VIRTUAL Preconference Workshop (Zoom) $ġ–3 p.m. Click here to learn more about Virtual Conference Platforms.ĪLL TIMES ARE EASTERN DAYLIGHT TIME (EDT)ĩ a.m. In-person events take place in Boston at the Hynes Convention Center or Sheraton Boston, as noted. Virtual events are listed in the Whova conference platform (Whova) and take place in Zoom. Guests may attend general receptions with an additional fee.īold = major conference events of general interest The 2023 conference program is now available! Program Searchįull conference registrants may attend any event listed below at no extra charge, except where noted. ![]() In addition, the software can take backups from your Apple cloud account and Android mobile device, then save them to your computer. Wondershare TunesGo Full Crack has a unique feature that allows you to access your Android device. By using this program, Android users can access their device, get rid of ads that come with their Android apps, and remove unwanted pre-installed apps. Be careful about rooting your device, as it is susceptible. Before you do anything to your device, make sure you understand what you are doing. 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Reddit makes a lot of revenue from ads and by selling Reddit Premium subscriptions, these are reportedly in the range of $600 Million with about 430M active users (around $1.40 per year/user, and about $0.12/month). ![]() ![]() In comparison, the popular image sharing service, Imgur, charges $166 for 50 Million API calls. Selig says that Apollo made about 7 billion requests last month, so it would cost the developer a fee of around $1.7 Million a month, or $20 Million per year. The app also has around 20,000 subscribers in its paid plans. The developer says that his app has around 1.3 to 1.5 Million active users, and about 7000 of those users are moderators of various subreddits. An average Apollo user makes about 344 requests per day or about 10,600 per month, which costs approximately $2.50 per month for a user. According to a post that he shared on his app's subreddit, it would cost $12,000 per 50 million API requests.įor context, an API request is an attempt to access Reddit, for example to sign in to your account, read a post, refresh the current page, etc. Christian Selig, the developer of Apollo for Reddit app for iOS, had some calls with the website's representatives to sort out the future of his app. ![]() The issue came to light in April, but the company had promised that its API prices would be reasonable. |
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